Nearly 99% of southern sudanese voters chose secession in this months independence referendum, clearing the way for sudan to split in two the official preliminary results were announced at. Within 90 days, the ibc will deliver its final say on the number of states and boundaries, and the composition and structure of the cos. It mandates the southern sudan referendum commission ssrc to oversee the referendum process and creates a southern sudan referendum bureau to manage the referendum in southern sudan. Sudan is known for having experienced two civil wars after independence in 1956, but it actually has a longlasting history of repeated conflict events starting well before independence. North sudan party threatens to reject referendum reuters. Though there is a peace agreement in place, rather than act as a safeguard, it will act as a test of the strength of south sudan s newly found independence. A simultaneous referendum will be held in abyei on whether to become part of south. Image caption there was a huge turnout for the weeklong referendum. Preliminary statement peaceful, credible voting process. Sudan referendum act ssra and its implementing rules and regulations aimed at creating a level playing field for the opposing fronts representing unity and. South sudan will hold an independence referendum on whether or not it should remain as a part of sudan in january 2011. Central african republic in the west, democratic republic of congo in the southwest, ethiopia in the east, kenya and uganda in the south and sudan in the north, figure 1.
Witnesses of sudans comprehensive peace agreement, in joint statement, confirm acceptance of referendum s result in favour of southern sudan s secession 8 february 2011 secretarygeneral. Mar 08, 2020 south sudan will hold an independence referendum on whether or not it should remain as a part of sudan in january 2011. This is part of the 2005 naivasha agreement between the khartoum central government and the sudan peoples liberation armymovement splam. The worlds newest country has been born with confirmation that southern sudan voted almost unanimously for independence from the north. The ssr was appointed in july 2010, followed by the southern sudan referendum bureau ssrb in august 2010. A team from the us holocaust museum heard their harrowing stories ahead of sundays independence referendum. Sudan referendum fact sheet united nations peacekeeping.
In the first section, the chapter focuses on the institutional legacy of indirect rule in south sudan. A southern sudan independence referendum occurred on january 9, 2011, in south of sudan as a part of the peace agreement reached in 2005 results show that this measure was approved by a vote of 98. This has been confirmed in numerous international judgements. This weeks legal decision on the boundary of abyeian oilrich and contested region along the disputed northsouth border within sudan is the first major test of recent commitments made in washington by the two parties to sudan s 2005 comprehensive peace agreement, or cpa.
Carter center finds southern sudan voter registration credible, strong step toward referendum despite some weaknesses. South sudan became independent on 9 july 2011, the result of a peace agreement that ended africas longestrunning civil war. Learning from sudans 2011 referendum united states institute of. The system of voting, milestones and processes for the referendum are laid out in the southern sudan referendum act, 2009. Instead of promoting peace, these international ties may lead to continued conflict as south sudanese leaders build a dependency on foreign aid and intervention. What are the legal conditions for registering and voting in the south. South sudans constitution of 2011 with amendments through 20. The southern sudan referendum commission ssrc was subsequently established under article 142, and tasked to organise and monitor the referendum in cooperation with the government and the government of southern sudan. In itself, the vote to create a new country in south sudan is reason enough for celebration.
Mar 31, 2020 southern sudan talk about everything like home improvement, automotive, and news by our expert which will help you better life, better everything. And following an april national elections process marred by irregularities, and alleged human. On february 1, usips jon temin provided background on the referendum process, the south s secession and the next steps ahead. In december 2009, a southern sudan referendum act was adopted by the national legislature, setting the conditions in which the referendum should take place. In a referendum that year, 99 per cent of south sudanese voters supported independence. Its exactly 19 days to go before southern sudan goes to the ballot in what is expected to be one of the most unique referendums in africa if not in the. In the second section, attention turns to issues driving political violence and grievances of the marginalised areas.
Southern sudan referendum commission of the final results of the referendum on selfdetermination for the people of southern sudan, which showed that 98. Usips jon temin discusses how violence could be a factor in sudan s final referendum results. Monitoring of media coverage 9 executive summary this regard, media addressing the southern public focused the largest part of their coverage on the referendum, while the volume of the coverage for the referendum in northern outlets was more limited. Observing the 2011 referendum on the selfdetermination of. Some 99% of south sudanese have voted to secede from the north, according to the first full count from the landmark independence referendum. Sudan may just witness the return of war if the referendum on the seceding of southern sudan delays according to sudan s comprehensive peace. The landlocked country is embroiled in an often violent dispute with its old rulers in sudan. Some 75% of the oil lies in the south but all the pipelines run north. Postreferendum sudan national and regional questions. In the run up to the january 9th referendum process, leaders have been on.
The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 naivasha agreement between the khartoum central government and the sudan peoples liberation armymovement splam. Under the law, the referendum is deemed legally binding if at least 60 per cent of registered voters turn out to vote. Sudan refe han reec m um infrastru warehouse support to s sssr. Stamp in identity document of a white south african recording their participation in the 1983 constitutional reform referendum a referendum on a new constitution was held in south africa on 2 november 1983 in which the white population was given the opportunity to approve or reject the constitution of 1983. Feb 02, 2011 after jubilation of vote, south sudan faces reality of country formation. But the two countries cannot agree how to divide the oil wealth of the former united state. Witnesses of sudans comprehensive peace agreement, in joint. We will send you urgent actions to be taken on facebook, twitter, and occasionally other social media outlets as the need arises. This referendumwas a result of the peace agreement between the north and south and was designed to allow the southern portion of the country to secede from sudan and be their own. South sudan referendum plans seem shaky the south sudan referendum scheduled for january could be delayed because important issues between south sudan and the sudanese government remain unresolved. Constitution of sudan passed by the national assembly on 28 march 1998 presented on 1 april 1998 to the people of the sudan for referendum. Constitution of sudan passed by the national assembly.
The center assesses the referendum process in sudan based on the comprehensive peace agreement cpa, sudan s interim national constitution, the southern sudan referendum act, and sudan s obligations for democratic elections contained in regional and international agreements, including the african charter on human and peoples rights and the. These topic pages provide a quick overview and easy access to all content that can be found on ace for any give topic of interest weather encyclopaedia files, electoral materials, comparative data, consolidated replies, case studies, or other. Jul 04, 2011 both sudan and the south are reliant on their oil revenues, which account for 98% of south sudan s budget. South sudan the referendum formalized a peace agreement. In the referendum, voters from southern sudan will have two choices. Links provide access to primary documents, legal commentary, and general government information about specific jurisdictions and topics. In a december 15 statement, the carter center reported that registration was credible and a strong step toward successful conduct of the referendum. The republic of south sudan is bordered by sudan in the north, ethiopia in. Southern sudan independence referendum, 2011 ballotpedia.
Southern sudan referendum act, and sudan s obligations for democratic elections contained in regional and international agreements, including the african charter on human and peoples. At the core of the administrations new sudan policy is a set of confidential benchmarks that the. The nationality, immigration and asylum act 2002 inserted a section 4c into the british nationality act 1981 allowing for registration as a british citizen of any person born between 7 february 1961 and 1 january 1983 who would have become a cukc if the british nationality act 1948 had provided for mothers to transmit citizenship in the same. Secretary general kofi annan, former tanzania prime minister joseph warioba, and dr.
Nov 17, 2010 southern sudan kick started its referendum process this week amidst a mix of tension and excitement. South sudans constitution of 2011 with amendments through. In the run up to the january 9th referendum process, leaders have been on an all out campaign. Part 1 the state and the directive principles article 1 nature of the state the state of sudan is an embracing homeland, wherein races and cultures coalesce and religions conciliate. The local government act, 2009 south sudan humanitarian. Unmis voiced concern about escalating violence over the past two weeks in southern sudan, in which more than 150 people were reportedly killed and many more injured or displaced.
In january 2011, south sudan held a peaceful and transparent referendum on southern secession or unity, as called for in the. A string of crises in south sudan is testing peoples. The southern sudan referendum act faq page 2 of 2 hisher name included on the referendum register. Sudanese perspectives on the 2011 referendum november 2010 by richard downie and brian kennedy. And in a nation the size of france, there are only about 300 km 190 miles of tarmac roads. The report examines possible answers and attempts to formulate lessons for global conflict prevention that may emerge from the peaceful sudan referendum experience. Southern sudan kick started its referendum process this week amidst a mix of tension and excitement. President bashir on february 7 accepted the souths vote for independence. A referendum took place in southern sudan from 9 to 15 january 2011, on whether the region. Southern sudanese will cast ballots in a historic referendum starting jan. Jimmy carter, kofi annan, joseph warioba, and john hardman to.
Dec 19, 2010 south sudan referendum kenya citizentv. The southern sudan referendum act united nations mission in sudan what is the southern sudan referendum act. Southern sudan referendum was timely, fair, peaceful. Archived from the original pdf on 19 september 2011. Jan 18, 2011 the conduct of the referendum in southern sudan had been timely, fair, peaceful and credible in a way that no one could have predicted just a few months ago, benjamin mkapa, chair of the secretary. Like many african conflicts, the sudan conflict took its roots in the colonization period or even before the 19th century johnson, 2011.
Local warming and violent conflict in north and south sudan. Jan 22, 2011 juba, sudan nearly 99 percent of southern sudanese voters have chosen to split off from northern sudan and form their own country, according to preliminary results of an independence referendum. After jubilation of vote, south sudan faces reality of. Jan 30, 2011 the 22year civil war in southern sudan left 2. After decades of war with the north, the region looks set to secede.
A referendum took place in southern sudan from 9 to 15 january 2011, on whether the region should remain a part of sudan or become independent. The international communityin particular the united states, which played a critical role in negotiating the. This guide to law online south sudan contains a selection of south sudanese legal, juridical, and governmental sources accessible through the internet. Instead these states are bound by what is called customary international law, building on the longstanding general practice and legal opinion of the international com munity of states pursuant to which genocide is a crime under international law. Learning from sudans 2011 referendum the web site cannot be.
Sudan referendum act 2009, was reached several days before the end of the sixday polling period. Witnesses of sudans comprehensive peace agreement, in. Learning from sudans 2011 referendum united states. Sudans referendum results united states institute of peace. Final report on the southern sudan referendum, 2011 deadline for the holding of the referendum set by the act and the cpa. Carter center finds southern sudan voter registration.
While the act itself was criticized by a number of national and international organizations, it set in place the conditions to conduct the referendum and validate its result. Provisions of this act shall apply to the referendum organized by the commission, in cooperation with the administration of the abyei area, the government and government of southern sudan, under international observation, on 9 january 2011, i. Is the violence in upper nile state a sign that the referendum may now start to create outbreaks of more violence. Results announced in khartoum showed a near 99% majority in favour of cleaving africas biggest country a mantle that will pass to algeria. Intercommunal violence in southern sudan is increasing, with growing evidence that khartoums divide and destroy policies are partly to blame. Sudan referendum act 2009, was reached several days before the end of the six day polling period. On 7 february 2011, the referendum commission published the final results, with 98. Part iii purposes and principles of the charter of the. A simultaneous referendum was supposed to be held in abyei on whether to become part of southern sudan but it was postponed due to conflict over demarcation and residency rights. A popular vote by the electorate whether to approve a specific legislative act in the referendum. Preventive diplomacy and the southern sudan independence. Despite ongoing violence in many parts of sudan and south sudan, the referendum process was largely peaceful.
Preliminary statement peaceful, credible voting process, with. On february 1, usips jon temin provided background on the referendum process, the souths secession and the next steps ahead. Sudan referendum act ssra and its implementing rules and regulations aimed at creating a level playing field for the opposing fronts representing unity and secession to enable voters to make an informed choice. The referendum is the last stage of a 2005 peace deal ending sudan s civil war between its north and its south, which fought for 22 years for independence. The southern sudan referendum act of 2009 provides the basic legal framework for conducting the southern sudan referendum on whether the north will remain united with the north or secede in the region and other locations. A person must also be at least 18 years old at the time of registration, and be of sound mind. Nearly all southern sudanese voted for secession world news. Both sudan and the south are reliant on their oil revenues, which account for 98% of south sudans budget. Opportunities and challenges for africas newest country congressional research service 1 introduction on july 9, 2011, south sudan officially declared independence. George mason school of law judy van rest, executive vice. Public opinion research in south sudan since 2004 twelfth study qualitative research ordinary southern sudanese citizens perceptions, not reality scope of research 67 groups in southern sudan 52 locations, all 10 states, ruralurban 860 participants march 16april 6, 2011. Jimmy carter, kofi annan, joseph warioba, and john hardman. Witnesses of sudans comprehensive peace agreement, in joint statement, confirm acceptance of referendums result in favour of southern sudans secession press release sg2169afr2115. Of course, the referendum will be the ultimate test of the.
South sudan is a landlocked country in east africa, bordering six malarious countries. Pursuant to the provisions of the interim national constitution of the republic of the sudan for the year, the national legislature passed and signed by the president of the republic the following law. The interpretation and application of this law represented, in several instances, a serious challenge to the organisation of the. Pursuant to the provisions of the interim constitution of the republic of the sudan 2005, the national legislature adopted the following act, which is signed by the president of the republic. The legislative framework for the conduct of the referendum is the southern sudan referendum act ssra of 2009. But in many ways, south sudan s creation was a wild act of optimism. Preliminary statement peaceful, credible voting process, with overwhelming turnout, mark southern sudan referendum 17 january 2011, khartoum the european union election observation mission southern sudan referendum 2011 eu eom has been present in sudan since 12 december 2010, following a voter registration assessment mission. Southern sudan referendum 2011 better life, better everything. Learning from sudans 2011 referendum summary numerous predictions asserted that the referendum on the secession of southern sudan would lead to renewed civil war. Sudan referendum result confirmed world news the guardian. Nearly all southern sudanese voted for secession world.
The people of abyei area will do the same sidahmed, 2010. According to section 412 of the southern sudan referendum act the southern referendum shall be deemed legal if at least 60% of the registered voters cast their vote. The act of being able to go out and drink beer at such late hours in juba already suggests you are in a separate. Finding peaceful resolution to the conflict in south sudan. The referendum is the culmination of a 2005 peace deal that ended more than two decades of bloody civil war between north and south sudan. If it fails to complete its work, it will transform into a referendum commission on number and boundaries of states, meaning a referendum will be. John hardman, carter center president and ceo, will lead the carter centers international observation. The sudanese as a whole delivered another powerful message at the same time, one that was unexpected for many, that the south and.
Cpa, the interim national constitution of the republic of the sudan, the interim constitution of southern sudan, the southern sudan referendum act of 2009 and the relevant regulations promulgated by the ssrc for polling, sorting, counting and declaration of results, and rules for referendum observations and code of conduct of observers. Jon temin is the director of usips sudan program, overseeing the institutes efforts to increase stability and peacebuilding capacity in sudan and south sudan. North sudan s dominant party threatened on monday to reject the results of a southern independence referendum unless the south withdraws its troops from. Constitution of sudan passed by the national assembly on 28.
1294 590 1035 119 1334 724 495 1318 167 985 1179 64 456 227 578 247 1672 924 1192 1413 1172 14 1350 230 1464 1084 1242 1309 1633 561 1057 1068 1603 1535 426 757 124 532 673 541 1496 566 1400 122